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October 21, 2025

Inilah 7 Fakta Bencana Pencemaran Minyak

Inilah 7 Fakta Bencana Pencemaran Minyak
WALHI KALTIM Image caption Para pegiat lingkungan di Kalimantan Timur menganggap tumpahan minyak ini telah menyebar sekitar tujuh kilometer di pesisir Teluk Balikpapan. Mereka juga menyebut kasus ini sebagai pencemaran berat.
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Dalam kasus pencemaran minyak di Teluk Mexiko 2010 silam, Exxon Valdez harus membayar kerugian senilai lebih dari 70 trilyun Rupiah kepada masyarakat (rzn/yf – noaa, guardian, nytimes)

 

Inilah 7 Fakta Bencana Pencemaran Minyak

1.Ringan dan Berbahaya

Jenis minyak yang tumpah berperan besar dalam memitigiasi dampak pencemaran di laut atau kawasan pesisir. Minyak ringan seperti bensin atau diesel cenderung menguap dengan cepat. Namun selain mudah terbakar atau meledak, minyak ringan juga dikenal sangat beracun sehingga bisa membunuh satwa atau menyebabkan gangguan pernafasan atau kerusakan pada kulit manusia.

2.Berat dan Lama

Sebaliknya minyak berat seperti bahan bakar kapal membutuhkan waktu lama sebelum menguap secara alami. Meski tidak terlalu beracun seperti bensin atau solar, minyak berat juga bisa membunuh mahluk hidup atau menyebabkan penyakit tumor. Beberapa jenis minyak berat akan mengeras menyerupai aspal setelah beberapa pekan. Pada titik ini minyak tidak lagi berbahaya buat tanaman atau mahluk hidup

3.Naas Nasib Satwa

Satwa yang paling rentan terkena dampak pencemaran minyak adalah jenis yang terbiasa hidup di permukaan air. Teluk Balikpapan terkenal lantaran populasi ikan Pesut alias lumba-lumba air tawar. Sejauh ini tumpahan minyak Pertamina telah membunuh seekor mamalia laut tersebut. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan masih mendata kerusakan alam di Teluk Balikpapan.

4.Pembantaian Sunyi

Pencemaran minyak memiliki dampak jangka panjang yang tidak kalah mengerikan. Tumpahan pada kawasan pesisir misalnya bisa merusak telur atau membunuh bayi binatang yang baru menetas. Sejumlah satwa di Teluk Mexiko yang terpapar tumpahan minyak dari Deepwater Horizon misalnya dilaporkan mengalami gangguan reproduksi. Dalam skala besar fenomena ini bisa berujung pada menyusutnya populasi satwa lokal

5.Minyak Pakan Mikroba

Membersihkan tumpahan minyak di atas permukaan air bukan tugas ringan. Di Teluk Balikpapan Pertamina menggunakan Oil Skimmer alias perangkat pembersih lapisan minyak. Selain itu petugas juga menggunakan dispersan yang mengencerkan minyak dan memudahkan mikroba buat mengurai cairan beracun tersebut.

6.Pembersihan Massal di Darat

Sebaliknya pembersihan minyak di kawasan pantai dan hutan bakau membutuhkan cara-cara manual dengan mengerahkan sebanyak mungkin petugas atau alat berat untuk mengumpulkan minyak yang tercecer. Selain itu petugas juga bisa menggunakan material khusus serupa tisu yang bisa mengikat minyak secara otomatis.

7.Kerusakan Jangka Panjang

Pencemaran minyak selalu menyisakan dampak jangka panjang. Karena bencana ini tidak hanya melukai ekosistem lokal, meracuni air tanah dan merusak pantai, tetapi juga membunuh sektor pariwisata dan perikanan. Dalam kasus pencemaran minyak di Teluk Mexiko 2010 silam, Exxon Valdez harus membayar kerugian senilai lebih dari 70 trilyun Rupiah kepada masyarakat (rzn/yf – noaa, guardian, nytimes)

 

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