Zonasatunew.com

Zona Berita Terkini

October 21, 2025

Konflik Klasik Antara Penguasa Dengan Penganjur Kesalihan (bagian ke sebelas)

Konflik Klasik Antara Penguasa Dengan Penganjur Kesalihan (bagian ke sebelas)
Agus Mualif Rohadi
Posted by: 373 comments

Oleh : Agus Mualif Rohadi.

Selama sekitar 150 tahun lebih, Bizantium hampir tanpa berhenti bertempur secara bergantian dengan wilayah barat menghadapi serbuan bangsa Goth, Slav dan Lombart sedang dengan wilayah timur menghadapi Sasania Persia.

Untuk mengatasi konflik agama, dan untuk menunjukkan bahwa kerajaan dapat bersikap keras terhadap pertikaian agama atau aliran agama yang membahayakan kerajaan, ketika terbit keputusan Paus St. Glacius pada tahun 492 membubarkan Nashara, kaisar mendukung pembubaran nashara. Bagi kerajaan, keberadaan nashara dapat menjadi faktor yang memperuncing pertikain antara Kristen Diophysites dengan Monophysites yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas wilayah. Gereja Nashara dirampas dan Injil Nashara di larang diajarkan dan dibakar. Alih-alih menertibkan dampak pertikaian teologis antara Gereja Timur dengan Gereja Barat, kaum yahudi nashara yang menjadi kurban. Injil nashara dianggap bahaya bagi pertikaian teologis Kristen.

Agama pagan Romawi, Yunani dan Jermanian telah menghilang seiring dengan penghuni istana menjadi pemeluk Kristen. Kristen berkembang dengan cepat sekaligus memunculkan banyak aliran yang berakar pada perbedaan visi tentang ketuhanan Yesus. Perbedaan aliran juga menjadi bagian dari perebutan kekuasaan dan bahkan menjadi bagian perubahan dinasti kekaisaran. Para uskup harus terlibat mencermati perubahan dinasti karena perubahan tersebut akan berpengaruh pada pergantian uskup. Keadaan seperti itu sering membuat orang Kristen salih menyingkir dan memilih menjalani kekristenan sebagai pertapa. Salah satu pertapa yang berpengaruh adalah Benecdigtus menghidupkan kembali cara hidup esenis atau zuhud dan komunal.

Ketika Romawi barat sedang terpecah- pecah dan saling bertempur dengan silih berganti keunggulan, sedang Romawi timur sering berperang dengan Persia, antar aliran Kristen berusaha berebut pengaruh dengan istana kaisar dan pada saat yang sama kaisar juga menggunakan kekuatannya untuk ikut mempengaruhi jalannya keuskupan, di pedalaman Mekkah, muncul Nabi baru yang kedatangannya sebenarnya sudah diramalkan kitab taurat dan kitab ibrani lainnya maupun kitab injil.

Sampai Nabi Muhammad dengan agama Islam dapat menyatukan seluruh suku arabiya dan membentuk negara baru di Jazeerah Arabiya, yaitu negeri Arab, hal tersebut belum menjadi perhatian serius bagi dua imperium besar yang mengapitnya. Negara baru ini pernah bersentuhan dengan Bizantium di perbatasan yaitu di Mu’tah dan Tabuk, tapi bagi Bizantium itu merupakan peristiwa kecil. Suku besar Arab saat itu, Bani Ghasan di perbatasan Bizantium masih menjadi mitra tradisionalnya. Demikian pula, Bani Lakhm di perbatasan Persia masih jadi mitra tradisional Imperium Persia. Kedua suku besar Arabiya tersebut masih beragama Kristen kebanyakan menganut madzab nestorian.

Surat nabi Muhammad agar kedua imperium tersebut terbuka untuk dakwah Islam juga tidak mendapatkan respon. Bagi kedua imperium wilayah Jazeerah Arabiya hanyalah wilayah yang dihuni oleh suku suku arab yang kecil-kecil yang tersebar di oasis gurun pasir, yang kehidupan sukunya tidak pernah mempunyai tradisi militer sebagai alat pertahanan kesukuannya. Wilayah Arabiya juga tidak menarik secara ekonomi. Ekonomi suku arabiya adalah ekonomi kecil yang sangat bergantung pada hubungan dagang dengan kota kota di Bizantium. Wilayah tersebut juga bukan wilayah yang secara rutin menjadi daerah lintasan militer.

Namun secara mengejutkan dan tidak pernah diduga oleh siapapun saat itu, negara baru ini, dalam kurun waktu dua puluh tahun, mampu mengalahkan Bizantitum dan Persia sekaligus, mengambil alih wilayah jajahan Bizantium di Timur-Tengah dan Afrika utara serta seluruh wilayah Persia. Bahkan setelah itu, imperium muslim penerus Khulafaur Rasyidin, mampu merambah hingga negeri-negeri di wilayah Transoxania (Asia Tengah) hingga perbatasan China dan Rusia.

(bersambung ke bagian dua belas).

Editor : Setyanegara 

 

Post Views: 6,226
Last Day Views: 26,55 K
Tags: , , ,

Related Posts

Most view article

http://www.zonasatunews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/aka-printing-iklan-2.jpg></a></div> </div> <div class=

Subscribe

Thanks for read our article for update information please subscriber our newslatter below

Google +

373 Responses

  1. Click HereFebruary 20, 2023 at 7:56 pm

    Click Here

    […]very couple of sites that happen to become detailed below, from our point of view are undoubtedly nicely worth checking out[…]

  2. Click HereFebruary 21, 2023 at 11:04 am

    Click Here

    […]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a few unrelated data, nonetheless truly worth taking a appear, whoa did 1 learn about Mid East has got a lot more problerms as well […]

  3. Click HereFebruary 21, 2023 at 3:07 pm

    Click Here

    […]Every as soon as inside a when we select blogs that we study. Listed below would be the latest web pages that we pick out […]

  4. Click HereFebruary 22, 2023 at 7:53 am

    Click Here

    […]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated data, nonetheless genuinely really worth taking a appear, whoa did one study about Mid East has got much more problerms as well […]

  5. Click HereFebruary 22, 2023 at 9:14 pm

    Click Here

    […]below you will uncover the link to some sites that we consider you ought to visit[…]

  6. Referral CodeFebruary 22, 2023 at 11:22 pm

    Referral Code

    […]always a large fan of linking to bloggers that I love but don’t get lots of link adore from[…]

  7. latest refer and earn appsFebruary 23, 2023 at 1:23 am

    latest refer and earn apps

    […]please stop by the internet sites we follow, like this one, as it represents our picks from the web[…]

  8. Click HereFebruary 23, 2023 at 2:23 pm

    Click Here

    […]below you will locate the link to some websites that we think you ought to visit[…]

  9. Click HereFebruary 23, 2023 at 2:29 pm

    Click Here

    […]the time to study or stop by the content or web pages we have linked to beneath the[…]

  10. Click HereFebruary 24, 2023 at 1:17 am

    Click Here

    […]please go to the web pages we stick to, including this one particular, as it represents our picks in the web[…]

  11. Click HereFebruary 24, 2023 at 3:04 am

    Click Here

    […]although internet sites we backlink to beneath are considerably not connected to ours, we really feel they’re essentially really worth a go by way of, so have a look[…]

  12. Click HereFebruary 24, 2023 at 11:15 pm

    Click Here

    […]below you’ll find the link to some sites that we consider you ought to visit[…]

  13. Click HereFebruary 25, 2023 at 5:57 am

    Click Here

    […]below you’ll uncover the link to some web pages that we feel you need to visit[…]

  14. Click HereFebruary 25, 2023 at 9:36 am

    Click Here

    […]very couple of web-sites that take place to be comprehensive beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly properly worth checking out[…]

  15. Click HereFebruary 25, 2023 at 12:20 pm

    Click Here

    […]one of our visitors recently suggested the following website[…]

  16. Click HereFebruary 25, 2023 at 3:33 pm

    Click Here

    […]here are some links to internet sites that we link to for the reason that we feel they’re really worth visiting[…]

  17. 무료 카지노 게임February 27, 2023 at 12:46 am

    무료 카지노 게임

    […]we came across a cool web-site which you could possibly delight in. Take a search in case you want[…]

  18. 온라인 슬롯 머신February 27, 2023 at 4:40 am

    온라인 슬롯 머신

    […]The facts mentioned in the post are a number of the ideal offered […]

  19. domain-namesMarch 1, 2023 at 1:26 am

    domain-names

    […]very few web sites that happen to become in depth below, from our point of view are undoubtedly very well really worth checking out[…]

  20. best-premium-domainsMarch 1, 2023 at 2:51 am

    best-premium-domains

    […]please go to the web sites we adhere to, such as this 1, as it represents our picks from the web[…]

  21. cardano nft projectsMarch 4, 2023 at 2:42 am

    cardano nft projects

    […]Every the moment in a when we choose blogs that we study. Listed beneath are the latest web pages that we pick out […]

  22. get investment for startupMarch 4, 2023 at 3:04 am

    get investment for startup

    […]very couple of web-sites that take place to become in depth beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly well worth checking out[…]

  23. best start up booksMarch 4, 2023 at 7:21 am

    best start up books

    […]here are some hyperlinks to web sites that we link to since we feel they are worth visiting[…]

  24. Google reviewsMarch 8, 2023 at 8:04 am

    Google reviews

    […]below you’ll uncover the link to some web pages that we think you must visit[…]

  25. reputation defendersMarch 13, 2023 at 3:12 am

    reputation defenders

    […]just beneath, are quite a few completely not connected internet sites to ours, nevertheless, they are surely worth going over[…]

  26. 2023 BooksMarch 19, 2023 at 11:45 pm

    2023 Books

    […]we like to honor numerous other online web pages around the net, even though they aren’t linked to us, by linking to them. Beneath are some webpages really worth checking out[…]

  27. find a graveMarch 23, 2023 at 2:28 am

    find a grave

    […]Milions of cemetery records and online memorials […]

  28. obituariesMarch 23, 2023 at 10:01 am

    obituaries

    […]Funeral Home directory and cemetery resource […]

  29. obituariesMarch 23, 2023 at 11:46 am

    obituaries

    […]Death records for free […]

  30. IRA EmpireMarch 25, 2023 at 2:12 am

    IRA Empire

    […]Sites of interest we have a link to[…]

  31. football tips for tomorrowApril 1, 2023 at 1:38 am

    football tips for tomorrow

    […]Every once inside a when we pick blogs that we study. Listed below would be the most current internet sites that we choose […]

  32. National Chi Nan UniversityApril 3, 2023 at 11:50 pm

    National Chi Nan University

    […]just beneath, are various entirely not associated web sites to ours, even so, they’re certainly really worth going over[…]

  33. Research opportunitiesApril 20, 2023 at 6:59 pm

    Research opportunities

    […]Every after in a even though we choose blogs that we study. Listed below are the most up-to-date sites that we pick out […]

  34. MBA in Future university in egyptApril 21, 2023 at 6:31 pm

    MBA in Future university in egypt

    […]one of our guests not long ago proposed the following website[…]

  35. الخدمة المجتمعيةApril 21, 2023 at 7:07 pm

    الخدمة المجتمعية

    […]The facts mentioned inside the report are a number of the very best obtainable […]

  36. Political mass mediaApril 22, 2023 at 10:12 am

    Political mass media

    […]please go to the websites we comply with, including this 1, as it represents our picks through the web[…]

  37. Economic InternshipApril 22, 2023 at 1:01 pm

    Economic Internship

    […]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated data, nonetheless actually worth taking a search, whoa did a single understand about Mid East has got extra problerms also […]

  38. National and International Protocols for faculty of pharmacy at future universityApril 23, 2023 at 3:27 am

    National and International Protocols for faculty of pharmacy at future university

    […]always a significant fan of linking to bloggers that I adore but do not get a good deal of link like from[…]

  39. كلية طب الاسنانApril 23, 2023 at 6:10 pm

    كلية طب الاسنان

    […]Sites of interest we have a link to[…]

  40. Dental specialties master's degreeApril 23, 2023 at 8:58 pm

    Dental specialties master’s degree

    […]very couple of websites that happen to be detailed beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly very well really worth checking out[…]

  41. أفضل كلية هندسة فى مصرApril 24, 2023 at 3:00 pm

    أفضل كلية هندسة فى مصر

    […]we prefer to honor lots of other world wide web websites around the net, even when they aren’t linked to us, by linking to them. Below are some webpages really worth checking out[…]

  42. التدريب العمليApril 24, 2023 at 4:00 pm

    التدريب العملي

    […]we like to honor lots of other internet web-sites around the internet, even if they aren’t linked to us, by linking to them. Underneath are some webpages worth checking out[…]

  43. Building Strong Partnerships with IndustryApril 24, 2023 at 11:19 pm

    Building Strong Partnerships with Industry

    […]Here is a good Weblog You may Come across Intriguing that we Encourage You[…]

  44. Degree RequirementsApril 25, 2023 at 3:59 am

    Degree Requirements

    […]we came across a cool web page that you simply might love. Take a search in the event you want[…]

  45. top university in egyptApril 26, 2023 at 5:40 am

    top university in egypt

    […]that is the finish of this write-up. Right here you will locate some web sites that we assume you’ll enjoy, just click the links over[…]

  46. ما هو افضل تخصص في ادارة الاعمالApril 26, 2023 at 8:40 pm

    ما هو افضل تخصص في ادارة الاعمال

    […]we came across a cool site that you just could love. Take a look should you want[…]

  47. Transfer students admissions to future universityApril 27, 2023 at 9:20 am

    Transfer students admissions to future university

    […]the time to study or stop by the content or websites we’ve linked to below the[…]

  48. Graduate programs at future universityApril 27, 2023 at 12:05 pm

    Graduate programs at future university

    […]just beneath, are several completely not connected internet sites to ours, nevertheless, they are surely really worth going over[…]

  49. Bachelor degrees in MarketingJune 2, 2023 at 4:58 pm

    Bachelor degrees in Marketing

    […]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]

  50. MBAJune 3, 2023 at 3:27 pm

    MBA

    […]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nevertheless genuinely worth taking a appear, whoa did 1 study about Mid East has got extra problerms at the same time […]

Leave a Reply